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Organic chemistry: Proton NMR spectroscopy (nuclear magnetic resonance) problems This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students’ permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For a printable document containing the NMR table and problems discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Degrees of unsaturation (index of hydrogen deficiency). Survey of an NMR chemical shift table (2) Continued (3) A problem (4) Continued (5) Continued (6) A problem (7) Continued (8) Continued (9) Another problem (10) Continued (11) Another problem (12) Continued (13) Another problem (14) Continued (15) Another problem (16) Another problem (17) Continued (18) Another problem (19) Another problem (20) Continued

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Organic chemistry: R and S naming problems, illustrating the systematic method for determining R and S stereochemistry. This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the students’ permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com I offer tutoring via Skype. For more information, go to my website. For a printable document containing the handout discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) An R and S naming problem (2) Another problem (3) Another problem

Not everyone has been given great abilities in math. This is a truth of life that can never be denied. Math is tough for most people, so you are definitely not alone. If you are one of those who are not as gifted, this is not the end of the line for you. In fact, there are strategies to help you overcome every math problem you encounter.

Here is a simple and easy to follow strategy you can use to breeze through difficult math problems.

Understand the problem carefully. The key to understanding is ready very carefully. Make sure that you understand the problem being presented, and you understand it correctly. You should point out the information that you are given, and what is being asked. If a picture can be drawn, make one and clearly label all information. Illustrations are usually very helpful, so make it a part of your analysis phase.

Make a plan.

Focus on what is being asked in the problem. Try to ask yourself: what information will you need to come up with the answer? Afterwards, look at the information given. Try to see how every information can be used to solve the problem. Now if you are stuck and you see no logical connection between the information given to the solution, it probably means the math problem is more complicated than usual. Look at the information again and get whatever you can find from it. You will usually find another useful piece of information that can be subsequently used to solve the problem.

Write out the equations.

Now that you have a plan, you have to express your plan mathematically. This will involve:

Assigning some variable name to the unknowns. You can always use x, or d for distance, t for time, and so on. What you want is to have the least number of unknowns. So, if two quantities are given to be related, relate them so that both are expressed in just one variable. So, if John is twice as old as Luke, let x stand for Luke’s age, and 2x for John’s.
Translating the English into the Math. Remember that in math, English phrases have corresponding mathematical meanings. If you familiarize yourself with as many of them through constant practice, you will know them by heart in no time.

Solve the problem.

Now that you have the equations, carry out your plan and solve for what is asked. Remember that your solution must be what the problem is asking for.

Don’t forget to check.

By now you think you have already answered the math problem. But you just might not have. Check your answer. Is it reasonable enough? Do the units correspond? Does your answer even make sense? If you feel there is something off, trace back and see whether you have made a mistake in your calculation.

Solving math problems can be overwhelming. However, if you follow the right strategy, you will get a hang of it. In time, you will realize that in every math problem, there indeed is a solution waiting to be discovered.

As a parent, you may have wondered why some kids in school perform well in answering math problems while other don’t. If you would like your child to improve their performance in math, you actually can do something to help. Here are some tips you can use to help your kids solve math problems easily and quickly.

1. Encourage your child to be inquisitive and ask questions.

An inquisitive mind is an open mind. In math, your child should not only understand concepts, but he needs to understand them well. There should be no gaps in knowledge. Thus, it is very important to establish in your child the virtue of asking questions.

2. Train your child to comprehend word problems quickly. The first most important step in solving math problems is understanding. Your child should understand all the details presented in the problem. He should quickly grasp which information is given and which he needs to solve for.

3. Teach your child to immediately recognize the “key words”. The most crucial step in answering math problems is translating the problem into a mathematical expression. To do this, your child must familiarize himself with key words and hints that translate to certain operations. For example, “per” should denote division and “how fast” should have something to do with speed (which is distance divided by time).

4. Encourage him to draw a picture. Illustrations and diagrams help a lot. It can help your child understand the problem in a better perspective. It also shortens the time needed to understand what is going on. Your child will also better visualize how he can use the information given to solve for what is needed.

5. Break down difficult problems into parts. When faced with more complicated math problems, your child can be easily confused. To deal with this, teach your child to take it one step at a time. Teach him how he can break down the problem into sections. Each section would correspond to a certain mathematical expression, and how each part contributes to a whole. Remember that difficult word problems are not meant to be solve with one giant leap.

6. Practice everyday. The best virtue you can instill in your child is the virtue of diligence. Math is a subject where perfection can be attained with constant practice. Make it a positive, encouraging experience even if it becomes a chore after a long day at school. Practicing will give him a wide grasp of the concept, hone his problem solving strategies, and improve his time management skills.

Of course, do remember that in math, haste does makes waste as well. However, if you do everything quickly yet carefully, there is no reason for your child not to get the right answer.

Lastly, bear in mind that as a parent, an active participation in your child’s math education is needed. If you want your child to improve his ability in solving math problems, showing all out support will surely go a long way.

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Although it is indeed difficult to overcome a math problem, there are many remedies that can be used to help students succeed. Before getting to any specific math instruction, however, you should work at overcoming any math anxiety the student may have. This is a real problem. The students who are poor at math have a real fear of it. Reading can cause anxiety in children, but math anxiety seems to take over their entire world, and when doing math, fear is their major emotion. It is first important to work on this fear by taking the pressure away. So what if you fail a test? The world won’t end. Look, you’re doing great on multiplication, etc. Praise, praise, praise when the student does something right. Patience is important as well. After working on the anxiety aspect, move on to specific skills that help the student succeed.

First, find out the student’s ability level, regardless of grade level. Start instruction and practice at that level. Even if the student is in the 6th grade and is performing math at a 2nd grade level, it is vitally important to start at the 2nd grade level. Math is sequential, and one building block must be in place before the next one is put down. Next, work on visual processing skills and eye/hand coordination. This helps the student place and align problems on the paper properly so that the correct answer can be attained. One of the biggest problems found in students is the inability to line up math problems. It is as though the red margin line on the left doesn’t even exist to them! Keeping columns lined up neatly for proper computation is another problem, and both can be remedied easily enough. Spatial and perceptual skills training helps in this area.

You should start a math tutoring session with activity using brain integration activities with numbers. If the student is weak in visual memory (and usually these kids are), spend time on visual memory and recall activities. These activities help the brain cross over to the left hemisphere, since math is a left hemisphere activity.

Finally, when doing actual math instruction, it is recommended that you do the following activities to ensure for math success:

1. Use blank paper with no lines – this eliminates distractions on the student’s part. Lines and other markings on paper will take the student’s eyes to places other than math, and this is not good.

2. Model the process step by step very slowly in color on the blank paper. Show the student what to do using a different color for every step of the process. When you change steps, you change color. This helps the student “switch gears” while doing the multi-step processes.

3. After showing the student what to do, have the student practice the math problem. Once again, the student will be using color to do the steps, using a different color for each step.

4. Have the student practice several times in color on the blank paper. If the student makes a mistake, simply redirect him and have him keep practicing. Praise any correct steps. You may need to show the student the correct step several times. Be sure you have the student practice immediately after the steps are modeled.

5. Have the student verbalize the steps as he writes them. Telling you the process will help him remember it.

6. Give the student immediate feedback. Don’t wait for the next day to tell him what he did wrong or right.

7. Only work on one small skill at a time. You don’t want to show the student how to do all fractions in one day. Start with adding and subtracting fractions with a like denominator.

Other tools to help students succeed in math are:

1. The card game Blink or the card game Speed. Both help the student process more than one thing at a time.

2. Writing and practicing math facts in some kind of a gooey substance or a substance with texture, such as sand.

3. Visual memory games. The student is shown a series of shapes, numbers, or figures for a few seconds. They are then taken away and the student copies them on paper from memory.

Math is difficult for a student who is right brain dominant. You can help these students access the left hemisphere of the brain so that math success can be met.